Raypak – Modulation
To illustrate the application of Equation 4, consider two gas fired boilers installed in otherwise identical hydronic heating systems. Boiler A utilizes modulation, Boiler B is limited to on-off fire. Both boilers are rated at 1 MM BTUH input at full fire. The system heating load is currently 250 M BTUH and standby losses are assumed to be 2.5%.
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